Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Analytical and numerical design of a hybrid Fabry–Perot plano-concave microcavity for hexagonal boron nitride

• Felipe Ortiz-Huerta and
• Karina Garay-Palmett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1030–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.90

• for a hybrid plano-concave microcavity, containing a multilayer of hBN hosting a SPE (Figure 1), by using analytical methods and FDTD simulations. Fabrication design steps are first shown for our microcavity, afterwards we found the range of geometrical parameters necessary for our stable resonator

• , followed by a transfer matrix model used to find the resonant modes of the microcavity, which are then corroborated by FDTD simulations. Results and Discussion Fabrication design Hybrid plano-concave microcavity By using a quarter-wavelength DBR with a multilayer 2D material on top (Figure 2a), we designed

• (see supplementary material of [19]), the planar surface (R1 = ∞) approximation values (Table 1) fall within the desired range with our FDTD simulations. We take a transversal cut through a fixed value of L2 (Figure 5) and observe the dependence of W02 and W2 to the radius of curvature (R2) of a plano

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

• Gyllion B. Loozen,
• Arnica Karuna,
• Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
• Erik Schreuder and
• Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

• yields the normalized experimental trap stiffness kx(y),exp,n (unit: pN·nm−1·W−1), a quantity suitable for comparison. The resulting values of kx(y),exp,n are compiled in Table 1, along with the values of kx(y),sim,n obtained from the force–distance relations derived from the FDTD simulations of the type

• from interference act as traps for particles in the suspension. Guided by FDTD simulations, we arrive at the proper nanometer-scale thickness for the Si3N4 excitation waveguides to serve for trapping and Raman generation. FDTD simulations also lead to optimum arrangements of the waveguides around the

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• ) kinetics of different samples, (d) recycling of AFT3 and ACT3. FDTD simulations of the electric field distribution of Ag-loaded TiO2 nanocolumns with different structures. a1) Wavelength 457 nm TNC cross section, a2) wavelength 320 nm TNC cross section, a3) wavelength 457 nm TNC longitudinal section, a4

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• the nanostructures are calculated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. For calculations a novel approach based on modelling the whole sample with a realistic shape of the nanoparticles, instead of full spheres, was used. This led to a very good agreement with the experiment. Keywords

• shapes. Here, for the first time, a realistic shape of the nanoparticles (according to the TEM images) has been taken into account in the FDTD simulations, instead of modelling them straightforwardly as spheres. Probably the most common example in which the amplification of the local electromagnetic

• FDTD simulations are only capable to determine the absorption spectra. Results and Discussion Structure and UV–vis absorption The SEM results show that the formation of nanostructures from thin metallic layers is influenced by the initial layer thickness as well as the temperature and the time of

Experimental study of an evanescent-field biosensor based on 1D photonic bandgap structures

• Jad Sabek,
• Francisco Javier Díaz-Fernández,
• Luis Torrijos-Morán,
• Zeneida Díaz-Betancor,
• Ángel Maquieira,
• María-José Bañuls,
• Elena Pinilla-Cienfuegos and
• Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 967–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.97

• are out of the PBG region. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations carried out for this configuration of the PBG structure predicted a PBG edge location at ca. 1530 nm, so a deviation of only about 20 nm was observed for the actual fabricated structure, i.e., ca. 1530 nm instead of ca. 1550

• the FDTD simulations shown in Figure 4b, maximum values of the evanescent field intensity over different periods of the PBG structure were obtained. The results are presented in Figure 4c as a function of the distance from the surface. As it can be observed in the graph, a strong exponential decrease

• of the evanescent field intensity is observed, thus confirming the necessity of performing the biodetection as close to the surface as possible for the highest sensitivity. Note also the perfect agreement between the experimental SNOM characterization and the FDTD simulations. Since our SNOM system

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• used the GNRs to enhance the PL intensity of the CdSe/ZnS QDs. The PL from GNR@CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles is approximately four times more than that from CdSe/ZnS QDs. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations were also conducted to understand the plasmon coupling effect on PL enhancement

• . From the above equations, we can see the PL enhancement effected by the F(ω) and ηa(ω). Here η0(ω) is the quantum efficiency related to the enhancement as a reference [22][23]. For FDTD simulations we use a dipole source to simulate the QDs, which emit in the wavelength range from 450 nm to 800 nm with

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• radius equal to the skin depth ls shows that light is mostly reflected at the rim of this volume and is not reaching the interior of the volume (as expected). These FDTD simulations illustrate only qualitatively what the main pulse encounters in a solution film of colloidal gold nanoparticles and that a

• with Prof. Eugene G. Gamaly. FDTD simulations were performed on the swinSTAR supercomputer at Swinburne University of Technology. (a) Schematics of experiment showing polarizations of the pre-pulse E1 and the main pulse E2 in the plane of incidence (xz-plane). (b) The absorption spectrum of the sample

• was fixed at E2 = 700 μJ. A positive z-shift corresponds to an upward movement of solution position towards the incoming laser pulse (see Figure 2a). The lines are guides to the eye. FDTD simulations of light-field enhancement under the conditions of the experiment: angle of incidence 60°, 800 nm

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• Fourier transform (DFT) analysis, allowed for obtaining the absorbance of the sample in the frequency domain. To switch from the time domain to the frequency domain, FDTD simulations and subsequent discrete Fourier transform were performed. This will be called FDTD/DFT further in the text. The same result

• , because of the intensity profile of the incident light. As a consequence, the surface plasmon resonance was also stronger in that region. In Figure 14, the amplitudes of particular components of the electromagnetic field are presented as a result of FDTD simulations. Here the amplitudes of the field

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation

• Nan Guan,
• Andrey Babichev,
• Martin Foldyna,
• Dmitry Denisov,
• François H. Julien and
• Maria Tchernycheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2248–2254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.209

• typical NW dimensions and fabrication procedures. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the light propagation between a NW emitter and a detector coupled with a SiNx waveguide. Using finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, we propose an optimized waveguide design, for which 65.5% of the

• spin-on-glass encapsulating layer was omitted, the waveguide height was fixed at 1 µm, and the FDTD simulations were performed supposing a rectangular waveguide with variable width. To reduce the computation time, a 2D simulation was performed at a horizontal cross-section plane in the middle of the

• from 1.25 to 1.75 µm. We note that the control of the waveguide width with a precision of ≈20 nm is within reach of electron beam lithography processing techniques. The FDTD simulations for the waveguide widths around 1.5 µm were performed as shown in Figure 3b. A coupling efficiency above 59% is

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• -electrochemical system. The tapering angle of the silicon nanowires as well as the excitation wavelength are used to control the location of the hot spots together with the deposition sites of the platinum catalyst. A combination of finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations with scanning electron

• (Pt(0)). The position of the Pt deposition can be controlled by adjusting the tapering angle or the incident wavelength. The platinum photodeposition results are observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and compared with the output of finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations of the

• surrounding medium was set to 1.33. The mesh size in the FDTD simulations was equal to 2 × 2 × 2 nm for all the structures. Fabrication of silicon nanostructures Silicon p-type samples (Active Business Company GmbH, <100> orientation ) 12 × 12 mm, with 1–10 Ω·cm resistivity, were used as substrates for the

A novel copper precursor for electron beam induced deposition

• Caspar Haverkamp,
• George Sarau,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Ivo Utke,
• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Silke Christiansen and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.113

• of 8 × 8 nanocones with a distance of 400 nm and a base diameter of 80 nm (Figure 5a). It was fabricated using 50 pA beam current and a dwell time of 8 seconds for each cone. The scattering intensity was measured by dark-field reflection spectroscopy and compared to FDTD simulations. Figure 5b shows

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• (FDTD) simulations were studied to reveal spectral and spatial features of the plasmonic field [109][110]. The FDTD simulations probe the effect of the particle size for optimizing the performance of catalytic systems. Some research groups have performed FDTD simulations to elucidate the contribution of

Refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver–gold layered bimetallic plasmonic crystals

• Somi Kang,
• Sean E. Lehman,
• Matthew V. Schulmerich,
• An-Phong Le,
• Tae-woo Lee,
• Stephen K. Gray,
• Rohit Bhargava and
• Ralph G. Nuzzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2492–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.249

• -domain (FDTD) simulations theoretically verify the nature of the multimode plasmonic resonances generated by the devices and allow for a better understanding of the enhancements in multispectral refractive index and SERS-based sensing. Taken together, these results demonstrate a robust and potentially

• FDTD simulations were used to model the normal incidence transmission spectra in air and water and the electromagnetic field distribution for full-3D PCs. The unit cell geometry was defined as an infinite square array of nanostructured holes on a metal film that are parallel to the x–y plane with a

• confirm this correlation between the magnitude of the SERS enhancement and the underlying optical properties of the plasmonic substrate. FDTD simulations theoretically confirm the underlying mechanism and optimized PC structures for SERS enhancement. Calculated top field intensity distributions at 5 nm

Optical response of heterogeneous polymer layers containing silver nanostructures

• Miriam Carlberg,
• Florent Pourcin,
• Olivier Margeat,
• Judikaël Le Rouzo,
• Gérard Berginc,
• Rose-Marie Sauvage,
• Jörg Ackermann and
• Ludovic Escoubas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.108

• centrifugation steps. Furthermore, finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations show that the maximum electric field enhancement (Figure 1c) for p- and s-polarized light does not occur at the same wavelength. For a single nanoprism (50 nm edge size and 10 nm thickness) in water, the maximum electric field

Exploring plasmonic coupling in hole-cap arrays

• Thomas M. Schmidt,
• Maj Frederiksen,
• Vladimir Bochenkov and
• Duncan S. Sutherland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.1

• compared to separated arrays of holes or caps. Optical spectroscopy and FDTD simulations reveal strong coupling between the gold caps and both Bloch Wave-surface plasmon polariton (BW-SPP) modes and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-type resonances in hole arrays when they are in close proximity

• -difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. We show strong coupling of the dipolar and quadrupolar nanocap resonances with the Bloch wave-SPP (BW-SPP) and LSPR type hole array resonances. Experimental Nanostructure design Figure 1a shows a schematic of the design of the plasmonic gold structures fabricated by

• have suggested that the both the BW-SPP and LSPR type assigned resonances have considerable localized character [34]. Here we have carried out FDTD simulations of holes on glass substrates as hexagonally close packed periodic arrays in a similar way to previous work [33] and plot the field and charge

k-space imaging of the eigenmodes of sharp gold tapers for scanning near-field optical microscopy

• Martin Esmann,
• Simon F. Becker,
• Bernard B. da Cunha,
• Jens H. Brauer,
• Ralf Vogelgesang,
• Petra Groß and
• Christoph Lienau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 603–610, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.67

• several tens of microns on the surface of a gold taper [11]. These results have been confirmed by three-dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations [11]. These theoretical investigations and experimental demonstrations suggest that pump–probe studies employing adiabatic nanofocusing are

• . This dipole emission may reflect contributions of the n = 1 mode that are weakly guided towards the taper apex. Earlier FDTD simulations [29] indeed indicate that, for asymmetric grating-excitation on one side of the taper, as done in our experiments, the field near the apex is not just that of a point

Mapping of plasmonic resonances in nanotriangles

• Simon Dickreuter,
• Julia Gleixner,
• Andreas Kolloch,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Elke Scheer and
• Paul Leiderer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 588–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.66

• for the field enhancement are typically somewhat smaller than the calculated ones. The results demonstrate the caveats for FDTD simulations and the potential and the limitations of “near field photography” by local ablation and melting for the mapping of complex plasmon fields and their applications

• . Keywords: ablation; FDTD simulations; field enhancement; nanotriangles; near field; surface plasmons; Introduction Considering classical optics, light cannot be focused to a scale much smaller than half its wavelength. This phenomenon, commonly known as “diffraction limit”, represents a major obstacle in

• diffusion times. When using pico- and nanosecond pulses instead, the heat diffusion results in controlled melting of the nanostructures. The findings will be compared to the results of FDTD simulations, and also the limitations of the two techniques will be discussed. Finally we discuss the field-enhancing

Distinction of nucleobases – a tip-enhanced Raman approach

• Regina Treffer,
• Xiumei Lin,
• Elena Bailo,
• Tanja Deckert-Gaudig and
• Volker Deckert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 628–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.66

• -dimensional finite-difference time domain (3D-FDTD) simulations [20]. A metal substrate such as gold provides an additional field enhancement as it produces a large electromagnetic (EM) coupling with the tip, which is often called a “gap mode”. In contrast, dielectric materials cannot couple as effectively